Earthenware Sand Water Filter for Drinking Water Treatment

The need for effective household water treatment and safe storage among low-income vulnerable populations cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the efficacy of earthenware sand water filter in the treatment of groundwater from low-income community in Ibadan metropolis. A two-unit filter consisting of a sand filter and storage pot were constructed for the assessment over a two-week period. Results showed about 83% reduction of Escherichia coli which is equivalent to 0.78 log reduction value. Hence the filter did not meet the performance target of > 2 and 4 for protective or highly protective systems. The estimated cost per filter (N4,386.52) is comparatively low and may be lower with bulk production. The sand filter has good prospect for household use if operated for longer period to enable the biolayer to mature. Further research is recommended to determine the optimum conditions for performance, evaluate removal of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses and determine community viability and sustainability